Roman mythology is a treasure trove of gods, heroes, and epic tales. Many Latin phrases from these myths are still used today, often without people realising their origins. Whether you're learning Latin or just love ancient stories, knowing these figures and phrases adds depth to your understanding.
Major Gods and Goddesses
The Roman pantheon was vast, but a few deities stood out as central figures in mythology and daily life. Here are some of the most important:
- Jupiter (Iuppiter) – King of the gods, god of the sky and thunder. Equivalent to the Greek Zeus.
- Juno (Iuno) – Queen of the gods, protector of marriage and women. Equivalent to Hera.
- Mars (Mars) – God of war, father of Romulus and Remus. More revered in Rome than his Greek counterpart, Ares.
- Venus (Venus) – Goddess of love and beauty. Equivalent to Aphrodite.
- Minerva (Minerva) – Goddess of wisdom and strategic warfare. Equivalent to Athena.
Pax Deorum
/paks ˈde.o.rum/“Peace of the Gods”
Heroes and Legends
Roman mythology wasn’t just about gods - heroes like Aeneas and Romulus played pivotal roles in Rome’s legendary history.
- Aeneas – The Trojan hero who fled Troy and became the ancestor of the Romans. His story is told in Virgil’s Aeneid.
- Romulus and Remus – Twin brothers raised by a she-wolf, founders of Rome. Romulus eventually killed Remus and named the city after himself.
Latin Phrases from Mythology
Many Latin sayings have roots in mythology. Here are a few still used today:
| Latin Phrase | Meaning | Origin |
|---|---|---|
| Aurora borealis | Northern lights | From Aurora, goddess of dawn |
| Memento mori | Remember you must die | Linked to the god Saturn and Roman stoicism |
| Ad astra per aspera | To the stars through difficulties | Inspired by the celestial ambitions of gods like Apollo |
Myths in Roman Culture
Mythology wasn’t just stories - it shaped Roman identity. The Aeneid linked Rome’s founding to Troy, giving the empire a heroic past. Festivals like the Lupercalia celebrated Romulus and Remus, reinforcing national pride.
Lares et Penates
/ˈla.reːs et peˈnaː.teːs/“Household Gods”
Why Learn Mythological Latin?
Beyond history, these phrases appear in literature, science, and even modern languages. Knowing them helps decode everything from astronomy terms (Mercury, Venus) to legal maxims (Pacta sunt servanda). Plus, it’s a fascinating glimpse into how the Romans saw their world.
