12 Everyday Vietnamese Idioms Every Learner Should Know

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Vietnamese idioms pack cultural nuance into a few syllables. Miss the subtext, and you’ll sound like a dictionary with legs. Here’s the raw data dump - no fluff.

1. Ăn không ngồi rồi

Ăn không ngồi rồi

[ʔan˧˧ xəwŋ͡m˧˧ ŋoj˨˩ zoj˨˩]

To sit around doing nothing

Literally 'eat without sitting idle'. Used for lazy people who contribute nothing. Equivalent to 'dead weight'.

Example: Your roommate hasn’t cleaned in months? Classic ăn không ngồi rồi behaviour.

2. Nước đến chân mới nhảy

Nước đến chân mới nhảy

[nɨək̚˧˦ ʔɗen˧˦ t͡ɕən˧˧ məːj˧˦ ɲaj˧˩]

Only acting when it's too late

Literally 'water reaches feet then jump'. Describes procrastinators who scramble at the last minute.

See also: every student who crams the night before exams.

3. Chó cắn áo rách

Chó cắn áo rách

/cɔ˦ˀ˥ kan˦ˀ˥ ʔaːw˦ˀ˥ zajk̚˦ˀ˥/

Adding insult to injury

Literally 'dog bites torn shirt'. When misfortune piles up unnecessarily.

Example: Your bike gets stolen, then it rains. That’s chó cắn áo rách in action.

4. Một nắng hai sương

Một nắng hai sương

[mot̚˧˨ʔ naŋ˧˦ haːj˧˧ sɨəŋ˧˧]

Working tirelessly

Literally 'one sun, two dews'. Farmers’ hours - dawn till dusk. Applies to any gruelling work ethic.
Pro tip: Use this to guilt-trip lazy colleagues. Works 60% of the time, every time.

5. Điếc không sợ súng

Điếc không sợ súng

/ʔɗiək̚˦ˀ˥ xəwŋ͡m˧˧ sɨ̞̠˨˩ suŋ͡m˦ˀ˥/

Ignorance is bliss

Literally 'deaf people don’t fear guns'. When someone’s obliviousness shields them from consequences.

See: politicians during scandals.

6. Cá lớn nuốt cá bé

Cá lớn nuốt cá bé

/kaː˦ˀ˥ ləːn˦ˀ˥ nuət̚˦ˀ˥ kaː˦ˀ˥ ɓɛ˦ˀ˥/

The strong dominate the weak

Literally 'big fish swallows small fish'. Capitalism, but make it aquatic.

Corporate mergers summarised in four words.

7. Lực bất tòng tâm

Lực bất tòng tâm

/lɨk̚˦ˀ˥ ɓət̚˦ˀ˥ təwŋ͡m˨˩ təm˧˧/

The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak

Sino-Vietnamese idiom. When ambition outstrips ability. Common during gym January resolutions.

Fun fact: Also the motto of every Duolingo user after week two.

8. Nhập gia tùy tục

Nhập gia tùy tục

[ɲəp̚˧˨ʔ]

When in Rome

Sino-Vietnamese. Means exactly what it sounds like - adapt to local customs or stick out like a sore thumb.

Pro tip: Use before doing something culturally questionable. Provides plausible deniability.

9. Chưa đỗ ông nghè đã đe hàng tổng

Chưa đỗ ông nghè đã đe hàng tổng

/cɨə˧˧ ɗo˨˩ ʔəwŋ͡m˧˧ ŋɛ˨˩ ʔɗaː˦ˀ˥ ʔɗɛ˧˧ haːŋ˨˩ təwŋ͡m˦ˀ˥/

Counting chickens before they hatch

Literally 'not yet passed exams but already threatens the village'. For overconfident types who celebrate prematurely.

Example: Bragging about a promotion before HR confirms it.

10. Thùng rỗng kêu to

Thùng rỗng kêu to

[tʰʊwŋ͡m˨˩ zəwŋ͡m˦ˀ˥ kew˧˧ tɔ˧˧]

Empty vessels make the most noise

The louder someone boasts, the less they’ve actually done. Universal law.

Corollary: LinkedIn influencers.

11. Yêu nên tốt, ghét nên xấu

Yêu nên tốt, ghét nên xấu

/ʔiəw˧˧ nen˧˧ tot̚˦ˀ˥ ɣɛt̚˦ˀ˥ nen˧˧ sə˦ˀ˥/

Love blinds

Literally 'love makes good, hate makes ugly'. Bias 101 - emotions distort objectivity.

Applies to fanboys, haters, and everyone arguing on Twitter.

12. Có tiền mua tiên cũng được

Có tiền mua tiên cũng được

/kɔ˦ˀ˥ tiən˨˩ muə˧˧ tiən˧˧ kʊwŋ͡m˨˩ ɗɨ̞̠ək̚˦ˀ˥/

Money talks

Literally 'with money, even fairies are buyable'. Cynical but accurate.

The Vietnamese equivalent of 'shut up and take my money'.

Want more? Check out Vietnamese Weather Idioms for rain-related wit.

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